Problem

Use the formula for the probability of the complement of an event.
A coin is flipped 4 times. Let $E$ be the event of getting at least 1 tail.
Which of the following describes the event $E^{c}$ ?
getting no tails
getting at most 1 tail
getting at most 2 tails
getting exactly 1 tail

How many elements are in the event $E^{c}$ ?

What is the probability of the following? (Enter your probabilities as fractions.)
\[
\begin{array}{l}
P\left(E^{C}\right)= \\
P(E)=
\end{array}
\]
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Answer

\(\boxed{\text{The event } E^{c} \text{ is getting no tails. There is 1 element in the event } E^{c}. \text{ The probability of the event } E^{c} \text{ is } \frac{1}{16}, \text{ and the probability of the event } E \text{ is } \frac{15}{16}.}\)

Steps

Step 1 :The event $E$ is defined as getting at least 1 tail in 4 coin flips. The complement of this event, $E^{c}$, would be not getting at least 1 tail in 4 coin flips, which is equivalent to getting no tails in 4 coin flips.

Step 2 :To find the number of elements in the event $E^{c}$, we need to find the number of ways we can get no tails in 4 coin flips. Since each flip can result in either a head or a tail, and we are flipping the coin 4 times, there are $2^4 = 16$ total possible outcomes. However, since we are looking for the event of getting no tails, there is only 1 way this can happen: getting heads on all 4 flips.

Step 3 :The probability of an event is defined as the number of ways the event can occur divided by the total number of possible outcomes. Therefore, the probability of the event $E^{c}$ is the number of ways we can get no tails (1 way) divided by the total number of possible outcomes (16 ways).

Step 4 :The probability of the event $E$ can be found by subtracting the probability of its complement from 1, since the probabilities of an event and its complement must add up to 1. Therefore, $P(E) = 1 - P(E^{c})$.

Step 5 :\(\boxed{\text{The event } E^{c} \text{ is getting no tails. There is 1 element in the event } E^{c}. \text{ The probability of the event } E^{c} \text{ is } \frac{1}{16}, \text{ and the probability of the event } E \text{ is } \frac{15}{16}.}\)

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