Suppose the probability of an IRS audit is 2.9 percent for U.S. taxpayers who file form 1040 and who earned $\$ 100,000$ or more.
(a) What are the odds that such a taxpayer will be audited? (Round your answers to the nearest whole number.)

Odds that a taxpayer will be audited
3 to
(b) What are the odds against such a taxpayer being audited? (Round your answers to the nearest whole number.)

Odds against a taxpayer being audited
2. to

Step 1 ：Given that the probability of an IRS audit is 2.9 percent for U.S. taxpayers who file form 1040 and who earned $100,000 or more.

Step 2 ：The probability of a taxpayer being audited is given as 2.9 percent or 0.029 in decimal form.

Step 3 ：The probability of a taxpayer not being audited is 1 - 0.029 = 0.971.

Step 4 ：The odds of an event is the probability of the event happening divided by the probability of the event not happening. So, the odds that a taxpayer will be audited is \(\frac{0.029}{0.971} = 0.029866117404737387\).

Step 5 ：The odds against an event is the probability of the event not happening divided by the probability of the event happening. So, the odds against a taxpayer being audited is \(\frac{0.971}{0.029} = 33.48275862068965\).

Step 6 ：Rounding to the nearest whole number, the odds that a taxpayer will be audited is approximately 0.03 to 1.

Step 7 ：Rounding to the nearest whole number, the odds against a taxpayer being audited is approximately 33 to 1.

Step 8 ：Final Answer: The odds that such a taxpayer will be audited is \(\boxed{0.03}\) to 1. The odds against such a taxpayer being audited is \(\boxed{33}\) to 1.