Sunday by $11: 59 \mathrm{pm}$ Points 10 Submitting an external tool
Question
Researchers wanted to study if having a long beak is related to flight in birds. They surveyed a total of 34 birds. The data are shown in the contingency table below. What is the relative risk of having long beaks for those birds that fly? Round your answer to two decimal places.
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|}
\hline & Flies & Does not fly & Total \\
\hline Long beak & 11 & 3 & 14 \\
\hline Not a long beak & 8 & 12 & 20 \\
\hline Total & 19 & 15 & 34 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Provide your answer below:
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Step 1 ：Researchers wanted to study if having a long beak is related to flight in birds. They surveyed a total of 34 birds. The data are shown in the contingency table below. What is the relative risk of having long beaks for those birds that fly? Round your answer to two decimal places.

Step 2 ：The relative risk (RR) is a statistical term that is used to compare the risk of a certain event happening in two different groups. In this case, we want to find the relative risk of having long beaks for those birds that fly.

Step 3 ：The formula for calculating relative risk is: \(RR = \frac{A}{(A+B)} / \frac{C}{(C+D)}\) where: A is the number of cases of interest (in this case, birds with long beaks that fly), B is the number of non-cases in the group of interest (in this case, birds with long beaks that do not fly), C is the number of cases in the comparison group (in this case, birds without long beaks that fly), D is the number of non-cases in the comparison group (in this case, birds without long beaks that do not fly).

Step 4 ：From the table, we can see that: A = 11 (birds with long beaks that fly), B = 3 (birds with long beaks that do not fly), C = 8 (birds without long beaks that fly), D = 12 (birds without long beaks that do not fly).

Step 5 ：We can now substitute these values into the formula to find the relative risk.

Step 6 ：Let's run this code to find the relative risk. A = 11, B = 3, C = 8, D = 12, RR = 1.9642857142857142

Step 7 ：The relative risk calculated from the Python code is approximately 1.96 when rounded to two decimal places. This means that birds that fly are about 1.96 times more likely to have long beaks compared to birds that do not fly.

Step 8 ：Final Answer: The relative risk of having long beaks for those birds that fly is approximately \(\boxed{1.96}\).