Which of the following is NOT a requirement of testing a claim about a population proportion using the normal approximation method?

Choose the correct answer below.
A. The conditions $\mathrm{np} \geq 5$ and $\mathrm{nq} \geq 5$ are both satisfied.
B. The sample observations are a simple random sample.
C. The conditions for a binomial distribution are satisfied.
D. The lowercase symbol, $p$, represents the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing sample data and is needed to test the claim.

Step 1 ：The question is asking which of the options is NOT a requirement for testing a claim about a population proportion using the normal approximation method.

Step 2 ：Option A: The conditions np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5 are both satisfied. This is a requirement because it ensures that the sample size is large enough for the normal approximation to be valid.

Step 3 ：Option B: The sample observations are a simple random sample. This is a requirement because it ensures that the sample is representative of the population.

Step 4 ：Option C: The conditions for a binomial distribution are satisfied. This is a requirement because the normal approximation method is used when the population is binomially distributed.

Step 5 ：Option D: The lowercase symbol, p, represents the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing sample data and is needed to test the claim. This is not a requirement for the normal approximation method. The lowercase symbol p is used to represent the population proportion, not the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing sample data.

Step 6 ：Therefore, the answer is option D. Since this is a theoretical question, no Python code is needed to solve it.

Step 7 ：Final Answer: \(\boxed{\text{D}}\)