Problem

Dan places a bottle of water inside a cooler. As the water cools, its temperature $C(t)$ in degrees Celsius is given by the following function, where $t$ is the number of minutes since the bottle was placed in the cooler.
\[
C(t)=7+17 e^{-0.038 t}
\]
Dan wants to drink the water when it reaches a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. How many minutes should he leave it in the cooler?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth, and do not round any intermediate computations.

Answer

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Answer

So, Dan should leave the bottle in the cooler for approximately \(\boxed{7.1}\) minutes.

Steps

Step 1 :Given the function \(C(t)=7+17 e^{-0.038 t}\), where \(C(t)\) is the temperature of the water in degrees Celsius and \(t\) is the number of minutes since the bottle was placed in the cooler.

Step 2 :We need to find the time \(t\) when the temperature \(C(t)\) reaches 20 degrees Celsius. So we set \(C(t) = 20\) and solve for \(t\).

Step 3 :Subtract 7 from both sides of the equation to get \(17 e^{-0.038 t} = 13\).

Step 4 :Divide both sides of the equation by 17 to get \(e^{-0.038 t} = \frac{13}{17}\).

Step 5 :Take the natural logarithm of both sides to get \(-0.038 t = \ln\left(\frac{13}{17}\right)\).

Step 6 :Finally, divide both sides by -0.038 to solve for \(t\).

Step 7 :By calculating, we find that \(t\) is approximately 7.1.

Step 8 :So, Dan should leave the bottle in the cooler for approximately \(\boxed{7.1}\) minutes.

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