Vectors

Vectors, in mathematical terms, are entities that possess both direction and magnitude (size). This differentiates them from scalars, which only contain magnitude. In the field of physics, vectors are employed to illustrate quantities such as force and velocity. In the realm of computer science, they are utilized for spatial representations and algorithms. Operations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication by scalars can be performed on vectors.

Vector Addition

Given the vectors \(\vec{a} = 3\hat{i} - 2\hat{j} + 4\hat{k}\) and \(\vec{b} = -\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 2\hat{k}\), find the result of the vector addition \(\vec{a} + \vec{b}\).

Vector Subtraction

Given two vectors \(\vec{a} = 3\hat{i} - 2\hat{j} + \hat{k}\) and \(\vec{b} = -\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} - 3\hat{k}\), find the vector \(\vec{a} - \vec{b}\).

Vector Multiplication by a Scalar

If a vector \(\vec{v} = 5\vec{i} - 3\vec{j} + \vec{k}\), what is the result of the operation \(7\vec{v}\)?

Finding the Variables

Given that the vector \( \mathbf{a} = x \mathbf{i} + 2 \mathbf{j} \) and the vector \( \mathbf{b} = 3 \mathbf{i} + y \mathbf{j} \) are orthogonal, find the values of variables \(x\) and \(y\).

Finding the Length

Find the length of the vector \( \vec{v} = 3\hat{i} - 2\hat{j} + 4\hat{k} \)

Determining Column Spaces

Given the following vectors for the matrix A: \( A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{bmatrix} \), what is the column space of A?

Finding the Angle Between the Vectors

Given vectors \( \mathbf{A} = 3\mathbf{i} - 2\mathbf{j} + \mathbf{k} \) and \( \mathbf{B} = \mathbf{i} + 2\mathbf{j} - 2\mathbf{k} \), find the angle between these two vectors.