Converting to Polar Coordinates

The process of transforming to polar coordinates entails a switch from the standard rectangular (x, y) coordinates to the alternative polar (r, θ) coordinates. In this context, the radius r represents the distance from the origin to the specific point, and the angle θ is measured in an anti-clockwise direction from the x-axis. The standard formulas used for this transformation are r = √(x² + y²) and θ = tan⁻¹(y/x).