Step 1 :This is a binomial distribution problem where we are trying to find the probability of 0 successes (children living with their father only) in 15 trials (children selected at random). The probability of success on each trial is 0.07 (7%).
Step 2 :The formula for the probability mass function of a binomial distribution is: \(P(X=k) = C(n, k) * (p^k) * ((1-p)^(n-k))\), where: \(P(X=k)\) is the probability of k successes in n trials, \(C(n, k)\) is the number of combinations of n items taken k at a time, \(p\) is the probability of success on each trial, \(n\) is the number of trials.
Step 3 :In this case, we want to find \(P(X=0)\), so \(k=0\). The number of trials, \(n\), is 15, and the probability of success, \(p\), is 0.07. The number of combinations of 15 items taken 0 at a time, \(C(15, 0)\), is 1. So we can substitute these values into the formula to find the probability.
Step 4 :Substituting the values into the formula, we get: \(P = C(n, k) * (p^k) * ((1-p)^(n-k)) = 1 * (0.07^0) * ((1-0.07)^(15-0)) = 0.3367008620516138\)
Step 5 :The probability that none of the 15 children, selected at random from all children under 18 years old, lived with their father only is approximately 0.337.
Step 6 :Final Answer: The probability that none of the 15 children, selected at random from all children under 18 years old, lived with their father only is approximately \(\boxed{0.337}\).