Problem

In an experiment, college students were given either four quarters or a $\$ 1$ bill and they could either keep the money or spend it on gum. The results are summarized in the table. \begin{tabular}{c|c|c} \hline & Purchased Gum & Kept the Money \\ \hline Students Given Four Quarters & 35 & 14 \\ \hline Students Given a \$1 Bill & 18 & 28 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Find the probability of randomly selecting a student who spent the money, given that the student was given four quarters. A. 0.368 B. 0.714 C. 0.660 D. 0.391

Solution

Step 1 :Define the events: Let A be the event that a student spends the money and B be the event that the student was given four quarters.

Step 2 :From the table, we find that the total number of students given four quarters is \(35 + 14 = 49\). This is the total number of outcomes for event B.

Step 3 :The number of students who were given four quarters and spent the money is 35. This is the number of outcomes for both events A and B.

Step 4 :Substitute these values into the formula for conditional probability: \(P(A|B) = P(A \cap B) / P(B) = 35 / 49\).

Step 5 :Calculate the probability: \(P(A|B) = 35 / 49 = 0.714\).

Step 6 :\(\boxed{0.714}\) is the probability of randomly selecting a student who spent the money, given that the student was given four quarters.

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