Step 1 :Define the null and alternative hypotheses. The null hypothesis \(H_{0}\) is that the mean difference in pulse rate is 0, and the alternative hypothesis \(H_{a}\) is that the mean difference in pulse rate is greater than 0.
Step 2 :Calculate the sample mean and sample standard deviation. The sample mean is 12.0 and the sample standard deviation is approximately 10.49.
Step 3 :Calculate the test statistic using the formula: \(t = \frac{{\text{{sample mean}} - \text{{population mean}}}}{{\text{{sample standard deviation}} / \sqrt{n}}}\), where \(n\) is the number of observations. The population mean under the null hypothesis is 0.
Step 4 :Substitute the values into the formula to get the test statistic: \(t = \frac{{12.0 - 0}}{{10.49 / \sqrt{12}}}\), which simplifies to approximately 3.96.
Step 5 :The null and alternative hypotheses are \(H_{0}: \mu=0\) and \(H_{a}: \mu>0\), and the test statistic is \(\boxed{3.96}\).