Step 1 :Given the surplus or deficit, debt and GDP for the year 2000 as 232 billion dollars, 5800 billion dollars and 9821 billion dollars respectively.
Step 2 :To find the surplus as a percentage of GDP, we divide the surplus by the GDP and then multiply by 100. This can be represented as \(\frac{Surplus}{GDP} \times 100\).
Step 3 :Substituting the given values, we get \(\frac{232}{9821} \times 100\).
Step 4 :Calculating the above expression, we get the surplus as a percentage of GDP to be approximately 2.4%.
Step 5 :Similarly, to find the debt as a percentage of GDP, we divide the debt by the GDP and then multiply by 100. This can be represented as \(\frac{Debt}{GDP} \times 100\).
Step 6 :Substituting the given values, we get \(\frac{5800}{9821} \times 100\).
Step 7 :Calculating the above expression, we get the debt as a percentage of GDP to be approximately 59.1%.
Step 8 :So, in 2000, the surplus is \(\boxed{2.4\%}\) and the debt as a percentage of GDP is \(\boxed{59.1\%}\).