Explain what a P-value is. What is the criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis using the P-value approach? Explain what a P-value is. Choose the correct answer below. A. A P-value is the value used to designate the area $\alpha$ in either the left- or right-tail of the normal curve. B. A P-value is the probability of observing a sample statistic as extreme or more extreme than the one observed under the assumption that the statement in the null hypothesis is true. C. A P-value is the number of standard deviations that the observed proportion is from the proportion stated in the null hypothesis.
Solution
Step 1 ：Explain what a P-value is. Choose the correct answer below.
Step 2 ：A. A P-value is the value used to designate the area $\alpha$ in either the left- or right-tail of the normal curve.
Step 3 ：B. A P-value is the probability of observing a sample statistic as extreme or more extreme than the one observed under the assumption that the statement in the null hypothesis is true.
Step 4 ：C. A P-value is the number of standard deviations that the observed proportion is from the proportion stated in the null hypothesis.
Step 5 ：Final Answer: The correct answer is B. A P-value is the probability of observing a sample statistic as extreme or more extreme than the one observed under the assumption that the statement in the null hypothesis is true. \(\boxed{\text{B}}\)
