Step 1 :Given that a poll taken 10 years ago found that 64% of parents spank their children, we can calculate the expected number of parents who would spank their children based on this percentage. This is done by multiplying the total number of parents surveyed (450) by the percentage of parents who spank their children according to the original poll (64%).
Step 2 :\(450 \times 0.64 = 288\)
Step 3 :The expected number of parents who spank their children is \(\boxed{288}\).
Step 4 :In the recent poll, 257 out of 450 adults indicated that they spank their children. We compare this actual number with the expected number to determine if parents' attitude toward spanking may have changed since the original poll.
Step 5 :The standard deviation of the expected number of parents who spank their children is approximately 10.18. The actual number of parents who spank their children (257) is more than one standard deviation but less than two standard deviations away from the expected number.
Step 6 :Therefore, the answer to the second part of the question is \(\boxed{\text{'B. No, 257 is within two standard deviations of the expected number of adults who spank'}}\).