Step 1 :We are given that as many as $19 \%$ of adults over 50 never graduated from high school. We wish to see if this percentage is the same among the 25 to 30 age group.
Step 2 :We want to estimate the proportion of non-grads to within $6 \%$ with $90 \%$ confidence. This means we want a margin of error of $6 \%$ and a Z-score of $1.645$ (which corresponds to a $90 \%$ confidence level).
Step 3 :We can use the formula for sample size in a proportion estimation: \(n = \frac{{Z^2 \cdot p \cdot (1-p)}}{{E^2}}\), where \(Z\) is the Z-score, \(p\) is the estimated proportion, and \(E\) is the desired margin of error.
Step 4 :Substituting the given values into the formula, we get \(n = \frac{{(1.645)^2 \cdot 0.19 \cdot (1-0.19)}}{{(0.06)^2}}\).
Step 5 :Calculating the above expression, we find that \(n \approx 115.5\).
Step 6 :Since we can't have a fraction of a person, we round up to the nearest whole number to get \(n = 116\).
Step 7 :So, the required sample size to estimate the proportion of non-grads to within $6 \%$ with $90 \%$ confidence is \(\boxed{116}\).