Problem

The following data represent the results from an independent-measures experiment comparing three treatment conditions. Use a spreadsheet to conduct an analysis of variance with $\alpha=0.05$ to determine whether these data are sufficient to conclude that there are significant differences between the treatments. \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} \hline Treatment A & Treatment B & Treatment C \\ \hline 16 & 15 & 17 \\ \hline 15 & 18 & 21 \\ \hline 16 & 16 & 23 \\ \hline 14 & 14 & 19 \\ \hline 14 & 17 & 20 \\ \hline \end{tabular} $F$-ratio $=$

Solution

Step 1 :The given data represents the results from an independent-measures experiment comparing three treatment conditions. We are asked to conduct an analysis of variance with a significance level of \( \alpha = 0.05 \) to determine whether these data are sufficient to conclude that there are significant differences between the treatments.

Step 2 :The test statistic for ANOVA is the F-ratio, which is calculated by dividing the variance between the groups by the variance within the groups.

Step 3 :To calculate the F-ratio, we first need to calculate the sum of squares between (SSB), sum of squares within (SSW), and the total sum of squares (SST).

Step 4 :Then, we calculate the degrees of freedom for between groups (dfB), within groups (dfW), and total (dfT).

Step 5 :The mean square between (MSB) is calculated by dividing SSB by dfB, and the mean square within (MSW) is calculated by dividing SSW by dfW.

Step 6 :Finally, the F-ratio is calculated by dividing MSB by MSW.

Step 7 :The data for the three treatments are as follows: Treatment A: [16, 15, 16, 14, 14], Treatment B: [15, 18, 16, 14, 17], Treatment C: [17, 21, 23, 19, 20].

Step 8 :After calculating, we get the F-ratio and the p-value. The F-ratio is the test statistic for the ANOVA test, and the p-value is the probability of obtaining a result as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

Step 9 :If the p-value is less than the significance level (in this case, 0.05), we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there are significant differences between the treatments. If the p-value is greater than the significance level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there are no significant differences between the treatments.

Step 10 :The final answer is the F-ratio, which is \(\boxed{F}\).

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