Step 1 :The question is asking which of the options is NOT a requirement for testing a claim about a population proportion using the normal approximation method.
Step 2 :Option A: The conditions np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5 are both satisfied. This is a requirement because it ensures that the sample size is large enough for the normal approximation to be valid.
Step 3 :Option B: The sample observations are a simple random sample. This is a requirement because it ensures that the sample is representative of the population.
Step 4 :Option C: The conditions for a binomial distribution are satisfied. This is a requirement because the normal approximation method is used when the population is binomially distributed.
Step 5 :Option D: The lowercase symbol, p, represents the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing sample data and is needed to test the claim. This is not a requirement for the normal approximation method. The lowercase symbol p is used to represent the population proportion, not the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing sample data.
Step 6 :Therefore, the answer is option D. Since this is a theoretical question, no Python code is needed to solve it.
Step 7 :Final Answer: \(\boxed{\text{D}}\)