Problem

Express the Cartesian coordinates $(-1,-1)$ in polar coordinates in at least two different ways. Write the point in polar coordinates with an angle in the range $0 \leq \theta<2 \pi$. (Type an ordered pair. Type an exact answer, using $\pi$ as needed.)

Solution

Step 1 :Given the Cartesian coordinates $(-1,-1)$, we are to express this point in polar coordinates in at least two different ways.

Step 2 :The polar coordinates of a point in the Cartesian plane are given by $(r, \theta)$ where $r$ is the distance of the point from the origin and $\theta$ is the angle the line joining the point and the origin makes with the positive x-axis.

Step 3 :The distance $r$ can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem as $r = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$ and the angle $\theta$ can be calculated using the arctangent function as $\theta = \arctan(\frac{y}{x})$.

Step 4 :However, since the point $(-1,-1)$ lies in the third quadrant, the angle $\theta$ will be in the range $\pi < \theta < 2\pi$. Therefore, we need to add $\pi$ to the result of the arctangent function to get the correct angle.

Step 5 :Substituting $x = -1$ and $y = -1$ into the formulas, we get $r = \sqrt{(-1)^2 + (-1)^2} = \sqrt{2}$ and $\theta = \arctan(\frac{-1}{-1}) = -\frac{\pi}{4}$.

Step 6 :Since the angle $\theta$ is negative, we add $2\pi$ to the result to get a value in the range $0 \leq \theta < 2\pi$. Therefore, $\theta = -\frac{\pi}{4} + 2\pi = \frac{7\pi}{4}$.

Step 7 :\(\boxed{\text{Final Answer: The polar coordinates of the point } (-1,-1) \text{ are } \left(\sqrt{2}, \frac{7\pi}{4}\right) \text{ or } \left(\sqrt{2}, -\frac{\pi}{4}\right) \text{ in the range } 0 \leq \theta < 2\pi.}\)

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Source: https://solvelyapp.com/problems/37510/

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