Step 1 :Let's write the given expression as an algebraic expression in $u$, where $u>0$.
Step 2 :The given expression is: $\sin \left[\cos ^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{u^{2}+9}}\right)\right]$
Step 3 :This is a composition of trigonometric functions. We can simplify it using the Pythagorean identity $\sin^2(x) + \cos^2(x) = 1$.
Step 4 :Let's let $\cos(x) = \frac{3}{\sqrt{u^2+9}}$.
Step 5 :Then we can solve for $\sin(x)$ using the Pythagorean identity: $\sin(x) = \sqrt{1 - \cos^2(x)}$
Step 6 :Substituting $\cos(x)$ into the equation, we get $\sin(x) = \sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{u^2+9}}\right)^2}$
Step 7 :Simplifying the above equation, we get $\sin(x) = \sqrt{\frac{u^2}{u^2 + 9}}$
Step 8 :So, the simplified algebraic expression in $u$, where $u>0$, is $\boxed{\sqrt{\frac{u^{2}}{u^{2}+9}}}$