Problem

The following table shows fuel consumption in billions of gallons of all vehicles in the U.S. for years since 1990. \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline Year & Fuel Use \\ \hline 0 & 130.8 \\ \hline 3 & 137.3 \\ \hline 6 & 147.4 \\ \hline 9 & 161.4 \\ \hline 12 & 168.7 \\ \hline 15 & 174.8 \\ \hline 18 & 170.8 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Let $F(t)$ be the fuel consumption in billions of gallons in t years since 1990. A quadratic model for the data is $F(t)=-0.114 t^{2}+4.62 t+127.598$ Use the above scatter plot to decide whether the quadratic model fits the data well. The function is a good model for the data. The function is not a good model for the data Estimate the fuel consumption in the U. S. in 2015. billions of gallons. Use the model to predict the year in which U.S. fuel consumption will peak.

Solution

Step 1 :Calculate the fuel consumption for each year using the given quadratic model and compare it with the actual data: \(F(t)=-0.114 t^{2}+4.62 t+127.598\)

Step 2 :years = [ 0 3 6 9 12 15 18]

Step 3 :actual_fuel_use = [130.8 137.3 147.4 161.4 168.7 174.8 170.8]

Step 4 :model_fuel_use = [127.598 140.432 151.214 159.944 166.622 171.248 173.822]

Step 5 :differences = [3.202 3.132 3.814 1.456 2.078 3.552 3.022]

Step 6 :The quadratic model is a good fit for the data since the differences between the actual fuel use and the model's predictions are small.

Step 7 :Estimate the fuel consumption in the U.S. in 2015 by plugging in t=25 into the quadratic model: \(F(25)=-0.114 (25)^{2}+4.62 (25)+127.598\)

Step 8 :fuel_use_2015 = 171.848

Step 9 :\(\boxed{171.848}\) billion gallons is the estimated fuel consumption in the U.S. in 2015.

Step 10 :Find the vertex of the quadratic function to determine the year in which the fuel consumption will peak: \(t_{vertex} = \frac{-4.62}{2(-0.114)}\)

Step 11 :t_vertex = 20.263157894736842

Step 12 :year_peak = 1990 + 20.263157894736842

Step 13 :year_peak = 2010.2631578947369

Step 14 :\(\boxed{2010}\) is the year in which U.S. fuel consumption will peak.

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