Step 1 :Given a right triangle $\triangle ABC$ with $\angle B = 90^\circ$, side $b = 12 \text{ cm}$, and side $c = 8 \text{ cm}$. We need to find the measure of $\angle A$. We can use the tangent function since we have the opposite (b) and adjacent (c) sides.
Step 2 :The tangent function is defined as: $\tan(A) = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{adjacent}} = \frac{b}{c}$
Step 3 :We can find the angle A by taking the inverse tangent ($\arctan$) of the ratio $\frac{b}{c}$: $A = \arctan(\frac{12}{8})$
Step 4 :Calculating the inverse tangent, we get $A \approx 56.31^\circ$
Step 5 :\(\boxed{\text{The measure of } \angle A \text{ is approximately } 56.31^\circ}\)