Twenty years ago, 55% of parents of children in high school felt it was a serious problem that high school students were not being taught enough math and science. A recent survey found that 307 of 850 parents of children in high school felt it was a serious problem that high school students were not being taught enough math and science. Do parents feel differently today than they did twenty years ago? Use the a = 0.1 level of significance. Find the test statistic and the p-value

Step 1 ：Define the problem as a hypothesis testing for a proportion. The proportion from 20 years ago is 0.55 and the sample proportion from the recent survey is 307/850. The goal is to test if there is a significant difference between these two proportions.

Step 2 ：Set up the null hypothesis (H0) that the proportion of parents who feel it is a serious problem that high school students are not being taught enough math and science is the same now as it was 20 years ago (p = 0.55). The alternative hypothesis (H1) is that the proportion has changed (p ≠ 0.55).

Step 3 ：Use a z-test for proportions to test this hypothesis. The test statistic is calculated as: z = (p̂ - p0) / sqrt((p0 * (1 - p0)) / n) where p̂ is the sample proportion, p0 is the proportion from 20 years ago, and n is the sample size.

Step 4 ：Calculate the test statistic (z) and the p-value. The test statistic is approximately -11.07 and the p-value is 0. This means that if the null hypothesis were true, the probability of observing a sample proportion as extreme as the one we observed (or more extreme) is essentially zero.

Step 5 ：Compare the p-value with the significance level (0.1). Since the p-value is less than the significance level, reject the null hypothesis. There is strong evidence to suggest that the proportion of parents who feel it is a serious problem that high school students are not being taught enough math and science has changed in the last 20 years.

Step 6 ：Final Answer: The test statistic is approximately \(\boxed{-11.07}\) and the p-value is \(\boxed{0}\). There is strong evidence to suggest that the proportion of parents who feel it is a serious problem that high school students are not being taught enough math and science has changed in the last 20 years.