half-angle formula

NOVEMBER 07, 2023

Half-Angle Formula in Math

Definition

The half-angle formula is a mathematical formula used to find the trigonometric values of half angles. It is particularly useful when dealing with trigonometric functions of angles that are difficult to evaluate directly.

Knowledge Points

The half-angle formula contains the following knowledge points:

  1. Trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent)
  2. Double-angle formula
  3. Pythagorean identities
  4. Quadrant analysis

Formula

The half-angle formula can be expressed as follows:

For sine: sin(x/2) = ±√[(1 - cos(x))/2]

For cosine: cos(x/2) = ±√[(1 + cos(x))/2]

For tangent: tan(x/2) = ±√[(1 - cos(x))/(1 + cos(x))]

Application

To apply the half-angle formula, follow these steps:

  1. Determine the value of the angle (x) for which you want to find the half-angle.
  2. Use the double-angle formula to find the value of cos(x) or sin(x).
  3. Substitute the value of cos(x) or sin(x) into the respective half-angle formula.
  4. Simplify the equation and solve for the half-angle.

Symbol

The symbol for the half-angle formula is "x/2", where x represents the original angle.

Methods

There are several methods to derive the half-angle formula, including:

  1. Using the double-angle formula and Pythagorean identities.
  2. Using the power-reduction formulas.
  3. Using the Taylor series expansion.

Solved Examples

  1. Find the value of sin(45°/2). Solution: Using the half-angle formula for sine: sin(45°/2) = ±√[(1 - cos(45°))/2] Since cos(45°) = √2/2, we have: sin(45°/2) = ±√[(1 - √2/2)/2] Simplifying further, we get: sin(45°/2) = ±√[(2 - √2)/4]

  2. Find the value of cos(60°/2). Solution: Using the half-angle formula for cosine: cos(60°/2) = ±√[(1 + cos(60°))/2] Since cos(60°) = 1/2, we have: cos(60°/2) = ±√[(1 + 1/2)/2] Simplifying further, we get: cos(60°/2) = ±√[(3/2)/2]

Practice Problems

  1. Find the value of tan(30°/2).
  2. Find the value of sin(120°/2).
  3. Find the value of cos(135°/2).

FAQ

Q: What is the half-angle formula? The half-angle formula is a mathematical formula used to find the trigonometric values of half angles.

Q: How do I apply the half-angle formula? To apply the half-angle formula, you need to determine the value of the angle for which you want to find the half-angle, and then substitute it into the respective formula.

Q: Are there different formulas for different trigonometric functions? Yes, there are separate formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent in the half-angle formula.

Q: Can the half-angle formula be derived from other trigonometric identities? Yes, the half-angle formula can be derived using the double-angle formula and Pythagorean identities, among other methods.